Scientific Impact
A record built on evidence.
Peer-reviewed publications, patents, invited presentations, book contributions, and awards from Kelly Barnes's research career.
37
Publications & abstracts
2
U.S. patents
20
Presentations
1
Book contribution
13
Awards & certifications
2026
Wang J, Yuan T-C, Zhao L, Nyman L, Barnes K, Dioum E, Chu Y. High efficacy functional ingredient blends.
U.S. Patent No. 12,620,459. Granted May 5, 2026.
Patent↗
2025
Anderson M, Browne D, Barbaro D, Barnes K. Method of providing sustained energy.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2025/0235164. Filed January 21, 2025; published July 24, 2025.
Patent↗
2024
PepsiCo Global R&D Research Forum
Award
2023
King MA, Brown SD, Barnes KA, De Chavez PJD, Baker LB. Regional and time course differences in sweat cortisol, glucose, and select cytokine concentrations during exercise.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023 Aug;123(8):1727-1738.
Publication↗
2022
Baker LB, De Chavez PJD, Nuccio RP, Brown SD, King MA, Sopeña BC, Barnes KA. Explaining variation in sweat sodium concentration: effect of individual characteristics and exercise, environmental, and dietary factors.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Dec 1;133(6):1250-1259.
Publication↗
Hydration and Cognitive Function and its Influence on Sports Performance
Collegiate and Professional Sports Dietitians Association Annual Conference, 2022
Invited Presentation
Low or No Carbohydrate Drink with Moderate Level of Electrolytes Promotes Better Rehydration than Water
PepsiCo R&D Forum, 2022
Presentation
PepsiCo Global R&D Research Forum
Award
PepsiCo R&D Excellence Life Sciences — Modeling Exceptional Teamwork Award
Award
PepsiCo R&D Excellence Life Sciences — Championing Science and Technology Award
Award
2021
Barnes KA, Baker LB. Hydration and team sport: cognitive function, technical skill and physical performance.
GSSI Sports Science Exchange #210, January 2021.
Publication↗
Hydration and Cognitive Function and its Influence on Sports Performance
Simpósio Celafiscs, Brazil, 2021
Invited Presentation
PepsiCo Academy of Sciences Award — “Gx Ecosystem: Novel Smart Sweat Patch and App”
Award
PepsiCo R&D Excellence Life Sciences — Championing Science and Technology Award
Award
PepsiCo R&D Excellence — Leaders Choice Award
Award
2020
Baker LB, Model JB, Barnes KA, et al. Skin-interfaced microfluidic system with personalized sweating rate and sweat chloride analytics for sports science applications.
Sci Adv. 2020 Dec 11;6(50):eabe3929.
Publication↗
Baker LB, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Brown SD, Ungaro CT, De Chavez PJD, Barnes KA. Cross-validation of equations to predict whole-body sweat sodium concentration from regional measures during exercise.
Physiol Rep. 2020;8(15):e14524.
Publication↗
Barnes KA, Wittbrodt MT. Hydration and Cognition in the General Population.
GSSI Sports Science Exchange #209, October 2020.
Publication↗
Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Brown SD, Reimel AJ, Ungaro CT, De Chavez PJD, Baker LB. Patch application timing and adherence duration effects on local sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentrations.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52:968.
Publication
Baker LB, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Brown SB, Ungaro CT, De Chavez PJD, Barnes KA. Cross-validation of whole body sweat sodium prediction equations.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52:969.
Publication
Nuccio RP, O'Connor M, Ungaro CT, Barnes KA, Reimel AJ, Brown SD, Baker LB. No relation between short-term sodium intake and whole body sweat sodium concentration during exercise-heat stress.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52:967.
Publication
Ungaro CT, Barnes KA, Reimel AJ, Nuccio RP, Brown SD, Baker LB. Comparison of sweat vs. serum lactate and glucose concentrations during exercise.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52:35.
Publication
Brown SD, Barnes KA, Reimel AJ, Nuccio RP, Ungaro CT, Baker LB. Comparison of sweat versus serum IL-1α and IL-1β concentrations during exercise.
The FASEB Journal. 2020;34:1.
Publication
Gx Sweat Patch + Algorithms Produce Valid Measures of Personalized Sweat Fluid and Electrolyte Losses in Real-Time
PepsiCo R&D Forum, 2020 (internal)
Presentation
PepsiCo Global R&D Research Forum
Award
Good Clinical Practice Certification
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (12/2020–12/2023)
Certification
Good Clinical Practice Training for Social and Behavioral Research Certification
Society of Behavioral Medicine, 12/2020
Certification
2019
Barnes KA, Anderson ML, Stofan JR, et al. Normative data for sweating rate, sweat sodium concentration, and sweat sodium loss in athletes: an update and analysis by sport.
J Sports Sci. 2019;37(20):2356-2366.
Publication↗
Baker LB, De Chavez PJD, Ungaro CT, Sopeña BC, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Barnes KA. Exercise intensity effects on total sweat electrolyte losses and regional vs. whole-body sweat [Na+], [Cl-], and [K+].
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019;119(2):361-375.
Publication↗
Brown SD, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Ungaro CT, Reimel AJ, De Chavez PJD, Baker LB. Comparison of skin cleaning methods for measurement of regional sweat electrolyte concentrations.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51:562.
Publication
Baker LB, Nuccio RP, Ungaro CT, Brown SD, Reimel AJ, Aranyosi AJ, Lee S, Model J, Ghaffari R, Barnes KA. Epifluidic colorimetric patch for on-skin analysis of regional sweat chloride concentration during laboratory-based exercise.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51:562.
Publication
Fueling the Extra Mile: The Science of the Endurance Athlete
Webinar — Collegiate and Professional Sports Dietitians Association and American College of Sports Medicine
Invited Presentation↗
From the Lab to the Field: Gx System Validation
American College of Sports Medicine Expo
Presentation
2018
Baker LB, Ungaro CT, Sopeña BC, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Carter JM, Stofan JR, Barnes KA. Body map of regional vs. whole body sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentrations in men and women during moderate exercise-heat stress.
J Appl Physiol. 2018 May 1;124(5):1304-1318.
Publication↗
Baker LB, Ungaro CT, Sopeña BC, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Barnes KA. Relation between regional and whole body sweat sodium concentration and the effect of exercise intensity.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:620.
Publication
Barnes KA, Carter JM, Anderson ML, Stofan JR, Pahnke MD, Randell R, Baker LB. Sport specific normative data for sweating rate and sweat sodium loss in athletes: an update.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:620.
Publication
Sopeña BC, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Stofan JR, Baker LB. Trapped sweat in various sports uniforms during sport-specific, laboratory-based exercise.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:621.
Publication
Expert Chat: The Intersection of Technology & Proper Hydration — Smart Sweat Patches
National Athletic Trainers' Association Symposium Expo, June 2018
Invited Presentation
Efficacy of Self-Reported Perceptions of Sweating Rate and Rate of Sweat Sodium Loss in Ultra-Endurance Triathletes
European College of Sport Science, July 2018
Presentation
Validation of Sweat Sodium Analysis via Portable Ion-Selective Electrode Analyzer in Athletes During Exercise in the Field
National Athletic Trainers' Association Symposium Expo, June 2018
Presentation
2017
Baker LB, Barnes KA, Sopeña BC, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Ungaro CT. Sweat sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations analyzed same day as collection versus after seven days storage in a range of temperatures.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017;28:1-24.
Publication↗
Baker LB, Barnes KA, Ungaro CT, Sopeña BC, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Stofan JR, Carter JM. Body mapping of sweating rate and sweat sodium concentration in athletes during moderate intensity exercise: relation between local and whole body.
The FASEB Journal. 2017;31(1):741.
Publication
Baker LB, Reimel AJ, Sopeña BC, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, De Chavez PJ, Stofan JR, Carter JM. Trapped sweat in basketball uniforms and the effect on sweat loss estimates.
Physiol Rep. 2017;5(18).
Publication↗
Nuccio RP, Barnes KA, Carter JM, Baker LB. Fluid balance in team sport athletes and the effect of hypohydration on cognitive, technical, and physical performance.
Sports Med. 2017.
Publication↗
Barnes KA, Anderson ML, Baker LB. Reliability of an on-court basketball-specific protocol.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(5S):748.
Publication
The Reliability of an On-Court Basketball Specific Protocol
Poster — American College of Sports Medicine Annual Conference, 2017
Presentation
2016
Barnes KA, Sopeña BC, Nuccio RP, Baker LB. Effect of absorbent patch saturation level on local sweating and local sweat sodium concentration.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 May;48(5 Suppl 1):172.
Publication
Ungaro CT, Reimel AJ, Nuccio RP, Barnes KA, Sopeña BC, Baker LB. Effect of varying exercise intensity on sweat lactate excretion rate during simulated team sport activity.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48:938.
Publication
Baker LB, Reimel AJ, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Sopeña BC, Stofan JR, Carter JM. Trapped sweat in basketball uniforms during laboratory-based intermittent exercise: effect of inter- and intra-individual factors.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(S5):652.
Publication
Nuccio RP, Ungaro CT, Reimel AJ, Barnes KA, Sopeña BC, Baker LB. Intra-individual variability in sweating rate and sweat sodium concentration with changes in exercise intensity.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(S5):655.
Publication
Reimel AJ, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Sopeña BC, Baker LB. A laboratory-based protocol to simulate basketball training at progressively increased intensity levels.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48:944-945.
Publication
Davis JK, Baker LB, Barnes KA, Ungaro CT, Stofan JR. Thermoregulation, fluid balance, and sweat losses in American football players.
Sports Med. 2016 Apr 12.
Publication↗
30 Years of Sweat Testing… What Have We Learned?
Collegiate Athletic Trainers Symposium, May 2016
Invited Presentation
The Reliability of a Computerized Basketball Specific Cognitive Assessment
European College of Sport Science, July 2016
Presentation
Effect of Absorbent Patch Saturation Level on Local Sweating and Local Sweat Sodium Concentration
American College of Sports Medicine, 2016
Presentation
2015
Baker LB, Barnes KA, Anderson ML, Stofan JR. Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes.
J Sports Sci. 2015;34:1-11.
Publication↗
Ungaro CT, Reimel AJ, Nuccio RP, Barnes KA, Pahnke MD, Baker LB. Non-invasive estimation of hydration status changes through tear fluid osmolarity during exercise and post-exercise rehydration.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015 May;115(5):1165-75.
Publication↗
2014
Baker LB, Ungaro CT, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Stofan JR. Validity and reliability of a field technique for sweat Na+ and K+ analysis during exercise in a hot-humid environment.
Physiol Rep. 2014;2(5).
Publication↗
Barnes KA, Stofan JR, Anderson ML, Baker LB. Normative data for sweat sodium concentration in athletes.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:310.
Publication
Baker LB, Nuccio RP, Reimel AJ, Ungaro CT, Barnes KA, Stofan JR. Validity and reliability of the compact Horiba B-722 for sweat sodium analysis in the heat.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:186-187.
Publication
Sports Fuel for Women's Basketball Athletes
United States Olympic Committee, May 2014
Invited Presentation
Normative Data for Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes
American College of Sports Medicine Annual Conference, 2014
Presentation
2012
Baker LB, Reimel AJ, Barnes KA, Nuccio RP, Stofan JR. Beverage sodium concentration and total ionic load increase post-exercise fluid retention.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(5S):789.
Publication
PepsiCo Global R&D Research Forum — “Educate Connect Inspire”
Award
2010
Schurman RC, Barnes KA, Robles EE, Broeder CE. Is a force-plate system as effective as the FAB for determining fall risk in seniors?
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 May;42(5):332.
Publication
2009
American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation — Scholarship recipient
Award
2005
25 Most Distinguished Seniors Award recipient
Award
Undated
Nutrition for Cognition
GSSI University course, GSSIweb.org
Course
Nutrition for Endurance Athletes
GSSI University course, GSSIweb.org
Course
Sciences Best Practices
Internal — GSSI and PepU course
Course
How Dehydration Affects the Brain
Gatorade — practitioner resource
Resource↗
Caffeine Curious: Understanding Impacts on Energy and Health
PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences — panel
Panel↗
Baker LB, Barnes KA, Stofan JR. Plain water or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages. Chapter 19.
In: Fluid Balance, Hydration, and Athletic Performance. Meyer F, Szygula Z, Wilk B, eds. Taylor and Francis.
Book Chapter
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